Quantum Entanglement (A Love Story)
It's pretty cool. I bought it knowing a AAA game is coming out before the end of the year...so far it's pretty cool for viewing media, and playing Tetris.
You saw me lost and treading water
I looked pathetic
I looked as helpless as a stinger without a bee!
But underneath my presentation
I knew the walls were coming down
And the stones that fell were aiming away from me...
Introduction to Biological Clocks
Biological clocks, also known as circadian clocks, refer to the internal timing systems that regulate physical, mental, and behavioral changes in organisms over approximately 24-hour cycles. These rhythms help anticipate and adapt to daily environmental changes, such as the light-dark cycle caused by Earth's rotation. They influence processes like sleep-wake patterns, hormone release (e.g., melatonin and cortisol), appetite, digestion, body temperature, and even cell growth and DNA repair. Circadian rhythms are endogenous, meaning they persist even without external cues, but can be entrained (synchronized) by factors like light, food intake, temperature, stress, and social environment.
Molecular Mechanisms
At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are driven by genetically encoded clocks that operate through transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs). These loops involve genes and proteins that oscillate in expression and activity to create self-sustaining rhythms.Core Components and Feedback LoopsIn mammals, including humans, the primary loop involves the genes CLOCK and BMAL1, whose protein products form heterodimers in the cell's cytoplasm. These dimers translocate to the nucleus and activate the transcription of period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes. The resulting PER and CRY proteins accumulate, form heterodimers, and return to the nucleus to inhibit the activity of CLOCK:BMAL1, effectively repressing their own transcription. This creates a negative feedback loop that causes protein levels to rise and fall over about 24 hours.
A secondary stabilizing loop involves CLOCK:BMAL1 activating genes like Rev-ErbA and Rora. The REV-ERB proteins repress BMAL1 transcription, while ROR proteins activate it, adding robustness to the oscillations.
Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications fine-tune this process. For example:Phosphorylation by enzymes like casein kinase 1 (CK1) delays PER accumulation and targets proteins for degradation via ubiquitination (e.g., by FBXL3).
Other modifications include sumoylation, histone acetylation/methylation, and RNA methylation (e.g., m6A), which affect mRNA stability, nuclear entry, and protein degradation.
These mechanisms were first elucidated in fruit flies (Drosophila), where the period (per) gene encodes the PER protein, which accumulates at night and is degraded during the day. The timeless (tim) gene product (TIM) binds PER for nuclear entry, and doubletime (dbt) delays PER buildup through phosphorylation. This inhibitory feedback—where PER blocks its own gene—generates the rhythm.
Similar loops exist in other organisms, but in mammals, CRY replaces TIM's role.
Non-transcriptional mechanisms also contribute, such as redox oscillations in peroxiredoxin proteins, which persist in cells without nuclei (e.g., red blood cells), indicating additional layers of regulation.
Generation of OscillationsThe oscillations arise from delays in the feedback loop: protein synthesis, accumulation, nuclear translocation, inhibition, degradation, and restart. These delays, modulated by phosphorylation and other modifications, align the cycle to ~24 hours. Without them, rhythms would be shorter or unstable.
Cellular and Physiological LevelsCircadian clocks operate in nearly every cell, but are coordinated by a "master clock" in the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a cluster of ~20,000 neurons in the hypothalamus. The SCN receives light input from specialized retinal ganglion cells via the retinohypothalamic tract, which resets the clock daily.
The SCN synchronizes peripheral clocks in organs (e.g., liver, heart) through neural signals (e.g., vasoactive intestinal peptide), hormones (e.g., cortisol from adrenals, melatonin from pineal gland), and body temperature fluctuations. For instance, melatonin rises in the evening to promote sleep, while cortisol peaks in the morning for alertness.
Peripheral tissues have their own clocks but can be entrained independently by cues like feeding or oxygen levels, sometimes leading to desynchronization (e.g., in shift workers).
Entrainment and External Cues
External cues, or zeitgebers ("time-givers"), entrain the clock. Light is the strongest, suppressing melatonin and advancing the phase via the SCN. Other cues include meals (which shift peripheral clocks) and temperature. Disruptions, like jet lag or artificial light, can misalign rhythms, causing health issues such as sleep disorders, metabolic problems, or increased cancer risk.
In summary, biological clocks integrate molecular oscillations with cellular coordination and physiological outputs to maintain harmony with the environment, with disruptions highlighting their critical role in health.
I might be checking out and playing some on Coin Poker. It seems like a cool albeit degenerate project.
What is the proof that shows infinity can come in different sizes?
Infinity refers to sets that are unbounded in size, but not all infinite sets are equivalent in cardinality (a measure of "size" based on whether there's a one-to-one correspondence between elements). Georg Cantor pioneered this in the late 19th century, proving that some infinities are larger than others through concepts like countable and uncountable sets.
His work establishes an infinite hierarchy of infinities.Countable InfinityA set is countably infinite if its elements can be listed in a sequence that corresponds one-to-one with the natural numbers (ℕ = {1, 2, 3, ...}). This is the "smallest" infinity, denoted by ℵ₀ (aleph-null).Examples: The integers (ℤ😉, rational numbers (ℚ😉, and even numbers are all countably infinite because you can map them bijectively to ℕ.
For instance, the even numbers {2, 4, 6, ...} pair with ℕ via the function f(n) = 2n.
Uncountable Infinity and Cantor's Diagonal ArgumentCantor proved that the set of real numbers (ℝ😉, or equivalently the interval (0,1), is uncountable—meaning it cannot be put into a one-to-one correspondence with ℕ, so its cardinality is larger than ℵ₀ (specifically, 2^{ℵ₀}, the cardinality of the continuum).
This shows infinities come in different sizes.Here's the proof by contradiction (Cantor's diagonal argument), structured step by step:Assume the contrary: Suppose (0,1) is countable. Then, all real numbers in (0,1) can be listed as an infinite sequence: r₁, r₂, r₃, ..., where each rₙ is a decimal like 0.d₁d₂d₃... (with digits dᵢ from 0-9). For simplicity, we ignore ambiguities like 0.1999... = 0.2000... by choosing representations that don't end in infinite 9s.
Construct a new number: Create a number x = 0.x₁x₂x₃... in (0,1) where each digit xₙ is chosen to differ from the nth digit of rₙ. Specifically:Let xₙ = 4 if the nth digit of rₙ is 5; otherwise, xₙ = 5.
This ensures x differs from rₙ in at least the nth position (avoiding 0 or 9 to prevent trailing issues).
Reach a contradiction: x is in (0,1) but not in the list—it differs from r₁ in the first digit, from r₂ in the second, and so on. Thus, no complete list exists, so (0,1) is uncountable.
This diagonalization shows |ℝ| > |ℕ|, proving different infinite sizes.
Cantor's Power Set Theorem: An Infinite HierarchyCantor generalized this: For any set S (finite or infinite), the power set P(S)—the set of all subsets of S—has strictly greater cardinality than S (|P(S)| > |S|).
Proof by contradiction:Assume a bijection: Suppose there's a one-to-one correspondence f: S → P(S).
Construct a diagonal set: Define D = {s ∈ S | s ∉ f(s)} (the set of elements not in their own image under f).
Contradiction: D is in P(S), so there must be some t ∈ S where f(t) = D. But:If t ∈ D, then by definition t ∉ f(t) = D (contradiction).
If t ∉ D, then t ∈ f(t) = D (contradiction).
Thus, no such bijection exists.
For infinite S like ℕ, |P(ℕ😉| = 2^{ℵ₀} > ℵ₀, and you can iterate: |P(P(ℕ😉)| > |P(ℕ😉|, creating infinitely many distinct infinite cardinalities.
This hierarchy continues without end, with no "largest" infinity in set theory.
The geometry of it is pretty cool.
Imagine a circle placed a short distance away from a line of infinite length.
Now draw a line from the center of the circle to the infinite line. Connect them.
Now do this at a few different points.
You will see a few things:
1. There seem to be fewer points along the gaps on the circumference , then there are points along the gaps on the infinite line.
2. Drawing a line to connect the circle along the furthest parts of the line, create an infinite long partition on the line, while the circle has up to half of it's small circumference filled
3. Probably more interesting things that I don't remember from college
The conclusion is that Infinities can come in different sizes. And shapes.
A lot of rumors are swirling about Ocarina Of Time being re-made on Switch 2. Nintendo should consider releasing an OOT/MM combo pack.
Today I am fasting.
I'm rucking to the park, and back.
Today is for holism. It's Doyle's day, after all.
I've got futures bets on the red sox, blue jays, tigers, and brewers to win the world series.
Tim Patrick is a beast. I guess Mr. TeSlaa is a supernatural.
Buy Jahmyr Gibbs.
Lions 11-6 seems possible. So many unknowns with the new coaching staff though.
i got insanely lucky with my draft and my offense is indeed absolutely stacked
ie i didn't want judge nor raleigh - i only took them because guys i liked more were grabbed ahead of them - i was especially pissed off at having raleigh, but figured he was the only decent catcher left so that's why i grabbed him when i did - had no idea he'd suddenly become the greatest hitting catcher in the history of the game
i also dropped a guy to make room for freeman in my lineup and that guy was the #1 player that month so probably lost points as a result
Is there anything more Punk Rock than posting on 2p2 from 30,000 ft in the air?
I'm on a "plain" ... I can't complain.
Magnus Carlsen’s rise from age six to a peak rating of 2882, compared to Vaishali’s 2452 starting at the same age, supports your hypothesis that boys might achieve higher chess ratings on average, even with similar training. Praggnanandhaa’s 2785, despite an earlier start, aligns with this trend, as he’s closer to the world championship than Vaishali. Small biological differences in spatial reasoning, combined with systemic advantages (e.g., open tournaments, fewer gender-related barriers), likely contribute. However, outliers like Judit Polgár show that women can approach male peaks with truly equal conditions, and participation gaps still explain much of the disparity. Magnus’s genius, though, is a reminder that individual talent can outweigh all else.
I found my own rare "genius" in my early 30s.
According to Grok, it is some degrees of "rare" to conquer psychosis and end up improved and better off following the event.
I have been full blown psychotic four, very regretful times. The final 3 episodes genuinely left me with a slightly higher IQ than before.
Some of that is processing speed. I can think A LOT faster (with pragmatism) in my late 30s than I could in my early 20s, for example.
I made four of what seemed like really good baseball bets at the time of wager.
Detroit Tigers to win the world series ($100, +3000 back in April. I cashed out for +$195 profit)
Skubal + Skenes Cy Young Parlay ($138, -138 a few weeks ago.)
Milwaukee Brewers to finish with best record in MLB ($110, -220 a few weeks ago)
Detroit Tigers to win the AL Central ($200, EVEN odds back in April)
As of right now all four are (hopefully) going to pay.
If the Brewers can manage to win it all, it will be a magical year for me.
Are you seriously contending that you've cured yourself of psychosis? If so, what did you do, and are you still doing it. Do you still take the psych meds? Has marijuana helped or hurt your journey to sanity?
Yes this post is prima facie evidence of my weirdo-ness, my direct questions. Guilty as charged.
No, I'm not sure it's even possible to cure yourself of it.
I'm on good meds for life. Prior, my condition was treatment resistant, and I had problems with cognition. Through each psychotic rise and fall, my condition became easier to treat, and I now feel as strong mentally as I ever have.
Cool questions, keep 'em coming.
I'm heading to Vegas again. Brief trip, two weeks. Going to take care of some business, and play a lot of poker. My aim is a great week grinding $1/3, and then if I'm feeling good I plan to play some $2/5 as well.
Bringing a $4K bankroll. It would be nice to turn it into 7 dimes.
Lettuce commence.
